The butter tart is probably the most recognizably Canadian dessert there is. But in order to understand the significance of the butter tart, you first need to know the confection’s history. While butter tarts are known around the world as the quintessential Canadian dish, the invention of this confection actually goes back to before Canada was even a country. During a ten-year period, from 1663 to 1673, at least 770 young women were sent to Quebec by Louis XIV to help with colonization. These single ladies were sent with dowries to help boost settlement in New France.
These King’s Daughters (or Filles du Roi) as they came to be known did what any resourceful baker would do: they made do with what they had. With the abundance of new food, they created the butter tart forerunner with baking ingredients readily available like maple sugar and dried fruit. This ancestral tart later led to variations like tarte au sucre and the butter tart.
The first documented recipe for butter tarts was published in The Women’s Auxiliary of the Royal Victoria Hospital Cookbook in 1900, in Barrie, Ontario. Mrs. Malcolm MacLeod’s recipe did not include raisins, but currants paired with that ooey-gooey filling we know and love today.
Throughout the early 1900s butter tarts gained popularity and variations were published in Toronto’s Daily News and included in the 1911 Canadian Farm Cookbook. Butter tarts became all the rage in the 1920s and 1930s, and by the 1980s readers were desperately writing The Vancouver Sun’s fictional baking expert, Edith Adams, for a copy of her recipe. Over the past 350 years, they have become ingrained in the Canadian culinary psyche.
The butter tart is evolving in response to diversifying tastes. At butter tart festivals across the country, you’ll find all sorts of spins on the treat — pumpkin cheesecake, chai spice, coconut, blueberry, saskatoon and even a Nanaimo bar butter tart to name a few.
That brings us to today’s recipe – Rhubarb Butter Tarts! Canadian butter tart filling can be too sweet for some on its own but add some tart rhubarb and it becomes a well-balanced sweet and sour filling. Amazingly good!
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- 1 1/2 cups flour
- 1 Tbsp sugar
- 1/2 tsp salt
- 1 tsp baking powder
- 140 gm (10 Tbsp) cold, unsalted butter
- 3 Tbsp ice water
- 2 Cups rhubarb, coarsely chopped
- 1/4 cup butter,
- 1/4 cup brown sugar
- 1/4 tsp salt
- 1/2 cup white corn syrup
- 1 egg, lightly beaten
- 1 tsp pure vanilla
Ingredients
Pastry
Filling
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- In a food processor, pulse flour, sugar, salt & baking powder to blend. Add butter & pulse about 3-4 times, until butter is in pea-size pieces. Sprinkle in the ice water; pulse another 4 times. Turn dough out on a lightly floured work surface & knead gently a few times to form a disk. Wrap in plastic wrap & refrigerate for at least an hour.
- Pour boiling water over rhubarb; let stand for 5 minutes. Drain.
- Add butter, sugar, salt & syrup to the rhubarb. Stir thoroughly until butter is melted & sugar is dissolved. Add egg & vanilla.
- Preheat oven to 375 F.
- On a lightly floured surface, roll out chilled pastry to an 1/8-inch thickness. Cut into 24 squares. Place pastry squares into 24 mini tart pan cups with corners hanging over the sides. Divide rhubarb filling between tart shells.
- Bake for about 20 minutes or until slightly golden. Cover with foil if they start to brown too quickly.
- Remove from oven & allow to cool to set up.